Who dated Maria Ivanova Katatcharova?

Nicholas I (6 July [O.S. 25 June] 1796 – 2 March [O.S. 18 February] 1855) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1825 to 1855. He was the third son of Paul I and younger brother of his predecessor, Alexander I. Nicholas's thirty-year reign began with the failed Decembrist revolt. He is mainly remembered as a reactionary whose controversial reign was marked by geographical expansion, centralisation of administrative policies, and repression of dissent both in Russia and among its neighbors. Nicholas had a happy marriage that produced a large family, with all of their seven children surviving childhood.

Nicholas's biographer Nicholas V. Riasanovsky said that he displayed determination, singleness of purpose, and an iron will, along with a powerful sense of duty and a dedication to very hard work. He saw himself as a soldier—a junior officer consumed by spit and polish. A handsome man, he was highly nervous and aggressive. Trained as a military engineer, he was a stickler for minute detail. In his public persona, stated Riasanovsky, "Nicholas I came to represent autocracy personified: infinitely majestic, determined and powerful, hard as stone, and relentless as fate."

Nicholas I was instrumental in helping to create an independent Greek state and resumed the Russian conquest of the Caucasus by seizing Iğdır Province and the remainder of modern-day Armenia and Azerbaijan from Qajar Iran during the Russo-Persian War (1826–1828). He ended the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) successfully as well. He crushed the November Uprising in Poland in 1831 and decisively aided Austria during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Later on, however, he led Russia into the Crimean War (1853–1856), with disastrous results. Historians emphasize that his micromanagement of the armies hindered his generals, as did his misguided strategy. Several historians have concluded that "the reign of Nicholas I was a catastrophic failure in both domestic and foreign policy." On the eve of his death, the Russian Empire spanned over 20 million square kilometers (7.7 million square miles), but had a desperate need for reform.

Alexandre I^er ou Alexandre Pavlovitch Romanov (en russe : Александр Павлович Романов), né le 12 décembre 1777 (23 décembre dans le calendrier grégorien) à Saint-Pétersbourg et mort le 19 novembre 1825 (1^er décembre dans le calendrier grégorien) à Taganrog, fils de Paul I^er et de Sophie-Dorothée de Wurtemberg, est empereur de Russie du 23 mars 1801 à sa mort ainsi que grand-duc de Finlande et roi de Pologne.

En politique extérieure, il se heurte aux ambitions de l'empereur Napoléon I^er, contre lequel il est en guerre à plusieurs reprises. Il combat également sur ses frontières nord contre la Suède, et sud contre l'Empire ottoman et la Perse. Ces guerres victorieuses lui permettent d'agrandir l'Empire russe qui devient une grande puissance. Il est l'instigateur de la Sainte-Alliance qui se donne pour rôle de maintenir la paix en Europe en neutralisant les mouvements révolutionnaires. En politique intérieure, il tente dans un premier temps d'appliquer des idées libérales, mais reste malgré tout un autocrate. Les dernières années de son règne sont marquées par un mysticisme très fort qui l'amène à renier ses idées de jeunesse.